AND Gate

The PomeLabs AND Gate Module (PML-AG-01) makes Boolean logic tangible. Wire two signals in, observe a HIGH output only when both are HIGH — and do it on hardware that is Schmitt-trigger hardened and $5.5\,\mathrm{V}$ input tolerant. The underlying IC can implement nine different logic functions; this module is configured and verified for AND.

Revision: v1.0 | Part Number: PML-AG-01 | Series: PomeLabs Core Kit

Schematic

And Gate Schematic

Digital Twin

In the PomeLabs App, the PML-AG-01 is mirrored as a digital twin in both the Playground and inside any Connect Activity. On connection the module reports its unique ID, firmware version, and type, and the App places it in your circuit by reading the live netlist — so you always see which module it is and how it is wired. Its combinational logic runs entirely on the physical gate IC; the current release exposes no app-side controls or streamed values for this module.

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Datasheet

1. Overview

The PML-AG-01 implements a 2-input AND gate using the SN74LVC1G99DCUR (U1) — Texas Instruments' ultra-configurable single-gate device capable of nine logic functions in one package. On this module, configuration pins C and D are hard-tied to GND (L) on the PCB, and OE is hard-tied to GND, permanently selecting the 3-state 2-input AND function.

When both inputs A (S+_UL) and B (S+_LL) are HIGH, output Y (S+_UR and S+_LR) is HIGH. Any other input combination produces a LOW output. The Schmitt-trigger input stage ( $0.56\,\mathrm{V}$ hysteresis typ at $V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$ ) ensures clean transitions even with slow or noisy input signals — a critical property in educational environments where signal sources may not be ideal.

2. BOM Components

Ref.	Type	Value / Part	Role on this module
U1	Configurable logic gate	SN74LVC1G99DCUR (TI)	Configured as 3-state 2-input AND: C = D = GND, OE = GND. Schmitt-trigger inputs ( $0.56\,\mathrm{V}$ hysteresis typ at $V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$ ). VSSOP-8 (DCU) package, $2.0 \times 3.1\,\mathrm{mm}$ .
R1, R2	Resistor	$4.7\,\mathrm{k\Omega}$	Pull-up resistors on UART TX/RX lines to 3V3.
p1–p4	Connector	Node headers	Four node connectors exposing +5V, GND, S+, S−, RX/TX, TX/RX to downstream modules.

3. Electrical Specifications

All values at $25\,\mathrm{{}^\circ C}$ unless otherwise noted. Gate specifications from TI SCES609G (SN74LVC1G99, Rev. G, Nov 2013).

3.1 U1 — SN74LVC1G99DCUR

The SN74LVC1G99 features configurable multiple functions with a 3-state output. The output is disabled when the output-enable (OE) input is HIGH. When OE is LOW, the output state is determined by 16 patterns of the 4-bit input (A, B, C, D). Selectable functions include MUX, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, inverter, and buffer. All inputs can be connected to $V_{CC}$ or GND.

3.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Exceeding these values may permanently damage the device. Stress ratings only.

Parameter	Max Value	Unit
Supply voltage ( $V_{CC}$ )	$-0.5$ to $6.5$	V
Input voltage ( $V_I$ )	$-0.5$ to $6.5$	V
Output voltage — high-Z or power-off state ( $V_O$ )	$-0.5$ to $6.5$	V
Output voltage — high or low state ( $V_O$ )	$-0.5$ to $V_{CC} + 0.5$	V
Input clamp current ( $I_{IK}$ ), $V_I < 0$	$-50$	mA
Output clamp current ( $I_{OK}$ ), $V_O < 0$	$-50$	mA
Continuous output current ( $I_O$ )	$\pm 50$	mA
Continuous current through $V_{CC}$ or GND	$\pm 100$	mA
Package thermal impedance ( $\theta_{JA}$ ) — DCU package	$227$	°C/W
Storage temperature ( $T_{stg}$ )	$-65$ to $+150$	°C

3.1.2 Recommended Operating Conditions

Parameter	Min	Max	Unit / Notes
Supply voltage ( $V_{CC}$ ) — operating	$1.65$	$5.5$	V
Supply voltage ( $V_{CC}$ ) — data retention only	$1.5$	—	V
Input voltage ( $V_I$ )	$0$	$5.5$	V — inputs accept up to $5.5\,\mathrm{V}$ regardless of $V_{CC}$
Output voltage ( $V_O$ )	$0$	$V_{CC}$	V
High-level output current ( $I_{OH}$ ) @ $V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$	—	$-24$	mA — sourcing
Low-level output current ( $I_{OL}$ ) @ $V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$	—	$24$	mA — sinking
High-level output current ( $I_{OH}$ ) @ $V_{CC}$ = $4.5\,\mathrm{V}$	—	$-32$	mA — sourcing
Low-level output current ( $I_{OL}$ ) @ $V_{CC}$ = $4.5\,\mathrm{V}$	—	$32$	mA — sinking
Input transition rise/fall rate ( $\Delta t / \Delta v$ ) @ $V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$	—	$10$	ns/V
Operating temperature ( $T_A$ )	$-40$	$125$	°C

3.1.3 Electrical Characteristics

Parameter	Typical	Max	Condition
Positive-going input threshold ( $V_{T+}$ )	—	$1.97\,\mathrm{V}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$ — Schmitt trigger
Negative-going input threshold ( $V_{T-}$ )	—	$1.24\,\mathrm{V}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$
Input hysteresis ( $\Delta V_T = V_{T+} - V_{T-}$ )	$0.56\,\mathrm{V}$	$0.97\,\mathrm{V}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3\,\mathrm{V}$
Propagation delay ( $t_{pd}$ ) A/B → Y	—	$7.5\,\mathrm{ns}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , $C_L$ = $15\,\mathrm{pF}$
Propagation delay ( $t_{pd}$ ) C → Y	—	$7.6\,\mathrm{ns}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , $C_L$ = $15\,\mathrm{pF}$
Propagation delay ( $t_{pd}$ ) D → Y	—	$6.7\,\mathrm{ns}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , $C_L$ = $15\,\mathrm{pF}$
Propagation delay ( $t_{pd}$ ) A/B → Y	—	$4.8\,\mathrm{ns}$	$V_{CC}$ = $5\,\mathrm{V}$ , $C_L$ = $15\,\mathrm{pF}$
Output enable time ( $t_{en}$ )	—	$5.8\,\mathrm{ns}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , $C_L$ = $15\,\mathrm{pF}$
Output disable time ( $t_{dis}$ )	—	$7.0\,\mathrm{ns}$	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , $C_L$ = $15\,\mathrm{pF}$
Quiescent supply current ( $I_{CC}$ )	—	$10\,\mathrm{\mu A}$	$V_I$ = $V_{CC}$ or GND, $I_O$ = $0$
Input capacitance ( $C_i$ )	$3.5\,\mathrm{pF}$	—	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$
Output capacitance ( $C_o$ )	$6\,\mathrm{pF}$	—	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$
Power dissipation capacitance ( $C_{pd}$ )	$22\,\mathrm{pF}$	—	$V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , $f$ = $10\,\mathrm{MHz}$

4. Truth Table

On this module, OE, C, and D are hard-tied LOW on the PCB — selecting the 3-state 2-input AND function. The output is therefore determined entirely by inputs A and B:

OE	A (S+_UL)	B (S+_LL)	C (tied L)	D (tied L)	Y Output
L	L	L	L	L	L — output LOW
L	L	H	L	L	L — output LOW
L	H	L	L	L	L — output LOW
L	H	H	L	L	H — AND true

The high-impedance state (Y = Z) is not reachable on this module because OE is hardwired LOW.

5. Logic Function Configuration Reference

The SN74LVC1G99 supports nine distinct logic functions selected by the static levels on A, B, C, D, and OE. The table below shows common configurations for reference — only the AND configuration is wired on this PCB.

Function	OE	A	B	C	D
3-state 2-input AND (this module)	L	Input 1	Input 2	L	L
3-state 2-input NAND	L	Input 1	Input 2	H	L
3-state 2-input OR	L	Input 1	H	Input 2	L
3-state 2-input NOR	L	Input 1	H	Input 2	H
3-state 2-input XOR	L	Input 1	L	Input 2	H
3-state 2-input XNOR	L	H	L	Input 1	Input 2
3-state buffer	L	Input	H or L	L	L
3-state inverter (NOT)	L	Input	H or L	L	H
Output disabled (high-Z)	H	X	X	X	X

6. Pin Descriptions

All signal pins are referenced to GND.

Pin / Net Name	Direction	Description
S+_UL	Input	Logic input A to U1. Upper-Left signal — first AND gate input.
S+_LL	Input	Logic input B to U1. Lower-Left signal — second AND gate input.
S+_UR / S+_LR	Output	AND gate output Y. HIGH only when both A and B are HIGH (OE is hardwired LOW). Drives both output channels simultaneously.
TX_UL-L / TX_LL-L	Input	UART transmit from Backend MCU (USART1/USART3).
RX_UL-L / RX_LL-L	Output	UART receive from Upper-Left and Lower-Left connectors.
TX_UR-L / TX_LR-L	Input	UART transmit from Backend MCU (USART2/USART4).
RX_UR-L / RX_LR-L	Output	UART receive from Upper-Right and Lower-Right connectors.
5V-Module	Power In	$5\,\mathrm{V}$ supply. Powers $V_{CC}$ of U1.
3V3	Power In	$3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ logic rail for pull-up resistors R1–R2 ( $4.7\,\mathrm{k\Omega}$ ).
GND	Ground	Common ground for all ICs and connectors.

7. Connection Guide & Common Errors

Correct power-up sequence:

Connect GND first, shared across all modules on the common bus.
Connect 5V-Module to a regulated $5\,\mathrm{V}$ source to power U1.
Connect the 3V3 rail for the UART pull-up resistors.
Apply logic signals to S+_UL (A) and S+_LL (B). The output appears immediately on S+_UR / S+_LR — there is no enable step because OE is hardwired LOW on the PCB.

Logic-level reference (Schmitt-trigger inputs): at $V_{CC}$ = $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ , an input must rise above $V_{T+} \approx 2.0\,\mathrm{V}$ to register as HIGH and fall below $V_{T-} \approx 1.2\,\mathrm{V}$ to register as LOW. Signals stuck inside the hysteresis band ( ${\approx}1.2\,\mathrm{V}$ – $2.0\,\mathrm{V}$ ) hold the previous logic state — useful for noise immunity, but worth knowing when probing slow analog-like signals.

Common wiring errors and consequences:

Mistake	Symptom	Correction
$V_{CC}$ to U1 exceeds $5.5\,\mathrm{V}$	U1 permanently damaged (absolute max $6.5\,\mathrm{V}$ )	Keep 5V-Module rail $\leq 5.5\,\mathrm{V}$ .
Input signal on S+_UL or S+_LL exceeds $5.5\,\mathrm{V}$	Input clamp current flows; permanent damage if $I_{IK}$ exceeds $50\,\mathrm{mA}$	Inputs are $5.5\,\mathrm{V}$ tolerant — never exceed it. Add a series resistor if your source can swing higher.
Output Y driving load $> 50\,\mathrm{mA}$	Continuous output current absolute max exceeded — U1 may overheat or fail	Keep total $I_O$ on the Y output (across S+_UR + S+_LR) within $\pm 50\,\mathrm{mA}$ absolute max. For sustained operation, design for $\pm 24\,\mathrm{mA}$ at $3\,\mathrm{V}$ or $\pm 32\,\mathrm{mA}$ at $4.5\,\mathrm{V}$ .
Input signal with very slow edges (slower than $10\,\mathrm{ns/V}$ at $3.3\,\mathrm{V}$ )	Operation outside guaranteed input transition rate; Schmitt-trigger hysteresis improves robustness but TI does not specify behavior	Buffer slow signals with another logic stage if reliability is critical.
Powering inputs while 5V-Module is OFF	$I_{off}$ circuitry isolates U1 and prevents back-drive damage — designed-in safe condition, not a fault	No action needed; this is supported behavior of the device.

Note: OE, C, and D are hard-tied to GND on the PCB and are not user-accessible. The common floating-input mistakes that apply to bare SN74LVC1G99 designs (floating OE → high-Z output; floating C/D → undefined function) do not apply to this assembled module.

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